Why do ancient furniture use tenon and tenon instead of nails?

For Chinese furniture, the tenon and tenon structure can be regarded as the core. It is the clever use of this structure that enhances the artistic value of Chinese furniture. Why has the tenon-and-mortise craft become the essence of the furniture craftsmanship of the Chinese nation? Tenon and tenon process First of all, before the appearance of indoor furniture, before the industrialization of the world, the production cost of nails was not low. In China, since the era of Master Lu Banzu 2500 years ago, carpentry and wooden construction have formed the scale of the industry. At that time, iron and bronze were very important war resources. The furniture of our ancestors was also limited to princes and nobles for drinking (more likely glutinous rice), meat, writing, and reading 'ji'. Bronze (iron should have just appeared, or not long ago) was used at most as weapons of war. Go up (spear, Jian, halberd, Ge, arrow, city gate, chariot...) And at that time, Master Lu Ban had learned to drive more than a dozen kinds of falcons. Objects like nails need to be made by a blacksmith one by one. In that era, the shortest nails produced were more than ten centimeters, and the nail caps had a diameter of more than 2 centimeters. Such giant nails will still be used, but they are only used in construction and used in conjunction with the Falcon structure. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Li Shimin used nails in the palace built for Yang Guang in Taiyuan. But can you imagine applying such giant nails to furniture? Moreover, the nails made in that era were all pure iron nails, with good flexibility, good tensile strength, and not average strength. The nails were not driven into wood, but a hole was drilled with another tool. Then use a hot red iron rod to carbonize the inner wall of the hole, and then connect it with an iron nail. In other words, in those eras when resources are scarce, the cost of nailing a nail to wood is no lower than opening a falcon. On the ancient wheels, there are two or even three circles full of nails. These nails are also used in conjunction with the Falcon structure. The more important function of cars in that era was transportation, not traffic. And the iron smelting technology at that time was a very important military technology. This made the ancient woodworkers use the falcon method to do woodwork. With the accumulation of years, we have formed a complete set of falcon technology and culture. The tenon-and-mortise structure began to be used in indoor furniture. It was not until the Song Dynasty or after the Song Dynasty that a large-scale and systematic indoor furniture appeared in China. At this time, we have formed a large-scale, systematic and mature falcon structure in architecture. With the appearance and fashion of indoor furniture, the falcon structure has ushered in new brilliance and has produced a new height. The progress of Nail seems to be too slow. It is too slow to solve the problem of its own hardness, and it cannot be reduced to the extent that a large number of ironware is mass-produced and popularized. Copying and on the basis of predecessors, the development of a more dexterous, precise, and complex Falcon structure has evolved into an introductory course for woodworking and the trend of each generation of woodworking. The grid corner tenon arrived in the Ming Dynasty. With the development of shipping, the Chinese also discovered wood more suitable for furniture in Southeast Asia. But the problem is that for these tropical rain forest hardwoods, the nails won't go in at all! Not only can the ancient wrought iron nails not be nailed in, but today's steel nails are also helpless (as the steel nails are driven in, the wood is split). The ancients didn’t use nails, not because they didn’t like to use them, but nails were very expensive and had little effect. Alas, who can go through it and send the ancients some worthless nails back today! I believe that the ancient woodworkers got today's nails or threaded steel nails, Zhunle is broken, the tradition of the gods and horses, the essence of the gods and horses culture, let's go together. They have long been looking forward to such an efficient object. What are the advantages of the mortise and tenon structure? 1. Compared with iron nails, the ingenious combination of wooden pieces can effectively prevent the twisting of the wooden pieces, while the iron nail connection cannot be done. As the iron nails are loosened, they will twist, which will inevitably fall apart. . 2. Iron nails still have problems such as rust and fatigue, but the tenon and tenon structure, such as some mahogany furniture, can be used for hundreds of years and remain intact. 3. For assembly, transportation and maintenance, the tenon-and-mortise structure is definitely more advantageous than the iron nail. (Part of this article comes from Zhihu, pay attention to Zhihu, and learn more about furniture) Related reading: The secret of a century of life of mahogany furniture
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